Hollow Earth Wiki | Let's Read!

Today on Let's Read! Our curiosity leads us to the center of the Earth, and we may be surprised as to what we find




Wikipedia Page: http://goo.gl/6vsrQS

Music: Stray Theories - Ambient Mix 1 - November 2011
http://goo.gl/xIkJ7G

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the whole earth hypothesis proposes that
the planet earth either is entirely
hollow or otherwise contains a
substantial interior space the
scientific community has dismissed the
notion since at least the late 18th
century the concept of a hollow earth
recurs many times and folklore and as
the premise for subterranean fiction a
sub-genre of adventure fiction
it is also featured and some present a
pseudo-scientific and conspiracy
theories
hypotheses ancient history
in ancient times the concept of a
subterranean land inside the earth
appeared in mythology folklore and
legends the idea of subterranean realms
seemed arguable and became intertwined
with the concept of places of origin or
after life such as the Greek underworld
the Nordic spot of the haim the
Christian hell and the Jewish she all
the idea of a subterranean realm is also
mentioned in the Tibetan Buddhism belief
according to one story there is an
ancient city called shamballa which is
located inside the earth according to
the ancient Greeks they were caverns
under the surface which were entrances
leading to the underworld some of which
with the caverns of danger on in laconia
at trojan and argolis
a tebya and this brochure at heraclea
and pontos and an airman oniy
integrations mendations legend is set
that there are underground chambers
occupied by an ancient god called
zalmoxis in Mesopotamian religion there
is a story of a man who after traveling
through the darkness of a tunnel in the
mountain of my shoe entered a
subterranean garden in Celtic mythology
there is a legend of a cave called
watchin also known as Ireland's gate to
hell a legendary in ancient cave from
which according to legend strange
creatures would emerge in ancient times
and be seen on the surface of the earth
there are also stories of medieval
knights and saints who went on
pilgrimages just a cave located in
station Island County don't call and
Ireland where they made journeys inside
the earth into a place of purgatory
there is an irish myth which says
tunnels and county down northern ireland
lead to the land of the subterranean to
offer de Danaan a group of people who
are believed to have introduced Druidism
to Ireland and then went back
underground
ancient legend of the uncommon got
tribes of india claim their ancestors
emerged in ancient times from a
subterranean land inside the earth there
are legends from the Taino people that
their ancestors emerged in ancient times
from two caves and the mountains
underground it is the belief of the
natives of the manila now skis trobriand
islands that their ancestors had come
from a subterranean land through a
cavern whole called okula there is an
ancient legend held in Mexican folklore
that a cave in a mountain five miles
south of Ojinaga Mexico is possessed by
devils creatures who came from inside
the earth there was an ancient myth held
in the Middle Ages that some mountains
located between eisenach and gathi in
Germany hold a portal to the inner earth
there is an old Russian legend that says
the so many ads and ancient Siberian
tribe traveled to an underground cavern
city to live inside the earth in Native
American mythology it is said that the
ancestors of the Mandan people in
ancient times emerged from a
subterranean land through a cave at the
north side of the Missouri River there
is also a tale about a tunnel in the Sun
carlos apache indian reservation in
Arizona near cedar creek which is said
to lead inside the earth to a land
inhabited by a mysterious tribe it is
also the belief of the tribes of the
Iroquois that their ancient ancestors
emerged from a subterranean world inside
the earth the elders of the Hopi people
believe that a Sipapu entrance in the
Grand Canyon exist which leads to the
underworld
according to South American mythology
the belief of the Brazilian Indians who
live alongside the purina river in
Brazil claim that their forefathers
emerged in ancient times from an
underground land and that many of their
ancestors still remained inside the air
there are also legends let's say the
ancestors of the Inca Empire came from
underground caves which are located east
of Cuzco Peru seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries Edmond Halley and 1692 put
forth the idea of Earth consisting of a
hollow shell about 800 kilometers or 500
miles thick to enter concentric shells
and an innermost core about the
diameters of the planets Venus Mars and
Mercury atmosphere separate these shells
and each shell has its own magnetic
poles the spears rotate at different
speeds
Haley proposed the scheme in order to
explain anomalous compass readings
envisions the atmosphere inside as
luminous and possibly inhabited and
speculated that escaping gas cause the
aurora borealis
Ditka and lay have claimed in their
lands beyond that leonhard euler also
proposed a hollow earth idea getting rid
of multiple shells and postulating an
interior son 1,000 kilometers or 620
miles across to provide light to advance
in Earth's civilization but they provide
no references indeed uhler did not
propose a hollow earth but there is a
slightly related thought experiment
the company also claimed that sir john
leslie expanded on Euler's idea
suggesting to central son's name Pluto
and proserpine this was unrelated to the
dwarf planet Pluto which was discovered
and named sometime later
Leslie did propose a hollow earth and
his 1829 elements of natural philosophy
but does not mention interior sons
lechler mill for in 1781 let journey
with hundreds of Creek Indian Indians to
a series of caverns near the Red River
above the junction of the mississippi
river according to move for the original
Creek Indian ancestors are believed to
have emerged to the surface of the earth
in ancient times from the caverns mill
for also claimed the caverns they saw
could easily contain 15,000 to 20,000
families
19th century in 1818 John Cleves seems
junior suggested the earth consisted of
a hollow shell about 13 de la 1300
kilometers or 810 miles thick with
openings about 2,300 kilometers or 1400
miles across at both poles with four
inner shells each open at the polls
signs became the most famous of the
early Hollow Earth proponents he
proposed making an expedition to the
North Pole thanks to efforts of one of
his followers james mcbride United
States President John Quincy Adams
indicated he would approve of this but
he left office before this could occur
the new president of the united states
and rejection halted the attempt
Jeremiah Reynolds also delivered
lectures on the Hollow Earth and argued
for an expedition Reynolds went on an
expedition to Antarctica himself but
missed join the great us exploring
expedition of 1838 to 1842 even know
that venture was a result of his
agitation those signs himself never
wrote a book about his ideas several
authors published works discussing his
ideas McBride wrote Symes the theory of
concentric spheres in 1826 it appears
that Reynolds has an article that
appeared as a separate booklet in 1827
remarks of sciences theory which
appeared in the American quarterly
review in 1868 a professor WF Lions
published the hollow globe which put
forth a signs like Hollow Earth
hypotheses but failed to mention signs
himself
Simon son americus then publish the
signs as theory of concentric spheres
and 1878 to set the record straight
20th century and early twentieth century
proponents of hollow earth William Reed
wrote phantom of the polls in 1906 he
supported the idea of a hollow earth but
without interior shells or inner sun the
Spiritualist writer wahlburger lady pet
in her book colloquy 'he's with an
unseen friend 1907 was an early writer
to mention the Hollow Earth theory she
claimed that city's exists beneath the
desert which is where the people of
Atlantis smooth she said an entrance to
the subterranean kingdom will be
discovered in the 21st century
William fairfield worn in his book
paradise found the cradle of the human
race the North Pole presented his belief
that humanity originated on a continent
in the Arctic called I pouria this
influence some early Hollow Earth
theorists according to marshall gardener
both the Eskimo and mongolian people's
had come from the interior of the earth
mine entrance at the North Pole Marshall
Gardner wrote a journey to the earth's
interior in 1913 and published an
expanded edition in 1920
he placed an interior son in the earth
and built a working model of the Hollow
Earth which patented US patent 1,000,000
90 6102 Gardner made no mention of read
but did criticize signs for his ideas
about the same time
Vladimir abroad chip wrote the novel
Plutonia in which the hollow earth
possessed an inner sun and was inhabited
by prehistoric species the interior was
connected with the surface by an opening
in the arctic explorer ferdinand
sandowski wrote a book in 1922 titled
beasts men and gods
Oh sandusky said he was told about the
subterranean kingdom that exists inside
the earth it was known to buddhist as a
karti George pop shipley and his
anything can happen 1940 claim the
discovery in the caucasus mountains of a
cavern containing human skeletons with
heads as big as bushel baskets and an
ancient tunnel leading to the center of
the earth one man entered the tunnel and
never returned
novelist Lobsang rampa in his book the
cave of the Ancients set an underground
chamber system exists between the
Himalayas of Tibet filled with ancient
machinery records and treasure
Michael grumbly a cryptozoologist has
linked Bigfoot and other hominid
cryptids to ancient tunnel systems on
the ground according to the ancient
astronaut writer Peter Colosimo a robot
was seen entering a subterranean tunnel
below a monastery in Mongolia Colosimo
also claimed a light was seen from
underground and Azerbaijan Pelosi MO and
other ancient astronaut writers such as
Robert to row link these activities do
you oppose a book allegedly by dr.
Raymond Bernard which appeared in 1964
the Hollow Earth exemplifies the idea of
UFOs coming from inside the earth the
book rehashes read and gardeners ideas
and ignore signs Bernard also adds his
own ideas the ring nebula proves the
existence of hollow worlds as well as
speculation on the fate of atlantis and
the origin of flying saucers after the
u.s. bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Bernard claimed the Atlanteans became
concerned that the radioactive air might
flow into the world's interior and so
some emerged in their flying saucers an
act of self-defense an article by martin
gardner revealed that dr. Walker sig
meister used the pseudonym Bernard but
not until the publishing of Walter
captain McNichols subterranean world's
100,000 years of dragons dwarves the
dead
los races and UFOs from inside the earth
in 1989 did the full story of Bernard
sig meister become well-known the pages
of the scientific pulp fiction magazine
amazing stories promoted one such idea
from 1945 to 1949 as the shaver mystery
the magazine's editor Ray Palmer ran a
series of stories by richard sharpe
shaver supposedly claimed as factual
though presented in the context of
fiction shaver claimed a superior
prehistoric race had built a honeycomb
of caves in the earth and they're
degenerate descendants known as zero
live there still using the fantastic
machines abandoned by the ancient races
to torment those of us living on the
surface as one characteristic of this
torment shaper described voices that
purportedly came from no explainable
source thousands of readers wrote to
affirm that they too had heard the
finish voices from inside the earth the
writers David Hatcher childress authored
lost confidence and the Hollow Earth
1998 which he reprinted the stories of
palmer and defended Hollow Earth idea
based on alleged tunnel systems beneath
the South America and Central Asia
follower theorists have claimed the
number of different locations for the
entrance ease which lead inside the
earth
other than the North and South Poles
entrances in locations which have been
sighted include Paris and France
staffordshire england montreal and
canada and chow in china and the amazon
rainforest fantastic stories supposably
believed as factual with infringed
circles have also circulated that Adolf
Hitler and some of his followers xscape
to hollow lands within the earth after
World War to be at an entrance and
Antarctica some writers have proposed
building mega structures that have some
similarities to a hollow earth concave
hollow Earth's instead of saying that
humans live in the outside surface of a
holla planet sometimes called a convex
hollow earth hypothesis some have
claimed that humans live on the inside
surface of a hollow spherical world so
that our universe itself lies on the
world's interior that has been called
the concave hollow earth hypothesis
serious teed a doctor from upstate New
York propose such a concave Hollow Earth
1869 calling his scheme cellular
cosmogony
he founded a group called the correction
unity based on this notion which he
called Christianity the main colony
survives as a preserved florida state
historic site at a sterile Florida but
all of teens followers have now died
deeds followers claimed to have
experimental e-verify died the concavity
of the Earth's curvature through surveys
of the floridian coastline making use of
rectilinear later equipment several 20th
century German writers including Peter
bender Johanna slang Carl new parent and
Fritz Braun published works advocating
the hollow earth hypothesis or whole
viterra it has even been reported
although apparently without historical
documentation that Adolf Hitler was
influenced by concave Hollow Earth ideas
and sent an expedition in an
unsuccessful attempt to spy on the
British fleet by pointing infrared
cameras up at the sky the Egyptian
mathematician mostafa mahmoud Elka their
wrote several scholarly papers working
out a detailed mapping of the concave
Earth model and one chapter of his book
on the wild side 1992 martin gardner
discusses the Hollow Earth model
articulated by Apple they'll cut their
according to gartner this hypothesis
posits that light rays travel in
circular paths and slow as they approach
the center of the spherical star-filled
cavern no energy can reach the center of
the cavern which corresponds to know . a
finite distance away from Earth in the
widely accepted scientific cosmology a
drill gardener says
with lengthen as it travels away from
the cavern and eventually passes through
the point at infinity corresponding to
the Center of the Earth and the widely
accepted scientific cosmology supposedly
no experiments can distinguish between
the two cosmologies Gardner notes that
most mathematicians believe in
inside-out universe with probably
adjusted physical laws is empirically
irrefutable Gardner rejects the concave
hollow earth hypothesis on the basis of
Occam's razor purportedly verifiable
hypotheses of a concave Hollow Earth
need to be distinguished from a thought
experiment which Divine's a coordinate
transformation such the interior of the
earth becomes exterior and the exterior
becomes interior the transformation and
Tails corresponding changes to the forms
of physical laws
this is not a hypothesis but an
illustration of the fact that any
description of the physical world can be
equivalently expressed in more than one
way contrary evidence
seismic
the picture of the structure of the
earth that has been arrived at through
the study of seismic waves is quite
different from the Hollow Earth theory
the time it takes seismic wave to travel
through around the earth directly
contradicts hollow sphere the evidence
indicates that the earth is filled with
solid rock mantle and crust liquid
nickel-iron alloy outer core and solid
nickel-iron inner core gravity another
set of scientific arguments against the
Hollow Earth or any hollow planet comes
from gravity massive objects tend to
clump together gravitationally creating
non hollow spherical objects such as
stars and planets the solid sphere is
the best way in which to minimize the
gravitational potential energy of a
physical object having hollowness is
unfavorable in the energetic sense in
addition ordinary matter is not strong
enough to support a hollow shape of
planetary sighs against the force of
gravity a planet-sized hollow shell with
the known observed thickness of the
Earth's crust would not be able to
achieve hydrostatic equilibrium with its
own mass and would collapse someone on
the inside of a hollow earth would not
experience a significant outward pole
and could not easily stand on the inner
surface rather the theory of gravity
implies that the person on the inside
would be nearly weightless that was
first shown by Newton whose shell
theorem mathematically predict a
gravitational force from the shell of
zero everywhere inside a spherically
symmetric hollow shell of matter
regardless of the shells thickness
a tiny gravitational force would arise
from the fact the earth does not have a
perfectly symmetrical spherical shape as
well as forces from other bodies such as
the moon the centripetal force from the
Earth's rotation would pull a person the
inner surface outwards if the person was
traveling at the same velocity as the
Earth's interior and was in contact with
the ground on the interior but even the
maximum centrifugal force as the equator
is only one 300th of ordinary earth
gravity density based upon the size of
the earth and the force of gravity on
its surface the average density of the
planet earth is 5.5 15 grams per
centimeter cubed yet typical densities
of surface rocks are only half that
about 2.75 grams per centimeter cubed if
any significant portion of the earth was
hollow the average density would be much
lower than that of surface rocks the
only way for Earth to have the force of
gravity that it does is for much more
dense material to make up a large part
of the Interior nickel-iron alloy under
the conditions expected in a non hollow
earth would have densities ranging from
about 10 to 13 grams per centimeter
cubed which brings the average density
of earth to its observed value
direct observation the deepest hole
drilled to date is the Z 44 Chapo oil
well which is 12,000 376 meters or 4604
feet deep part of exon never got shot
Colin one project thus visual knowledge
of the earth structure extends that far
in fiction the idea of a hollow earth is
a common elements of fiction appearing
as early as ludvig holberg's 1741 novel
nicola Clemmy inter subterranean in
which nigga like slim falls through a
cave on spelunking and spend several
years living on a smaller globe both
within an inside of the outer shell
other notable pre 20th century examples
include Giacomo Casanova 1788 acco
samara a five-volume 1800 page story of
a brother and sister who fall into the
earth and discover the subterranean
utopia of the mega marecus a race of
multicolored hermaphroditic dwarves
zonia a voyage of discovery by a captain
Adam seaborne in 1820 which reflected
the ideas of John Cleves sainz jr at
corral impose 1838 novel the narrative
of Arthur Gordon pine of Nantucket Jules
burns 1864 novel a journey to the center
of the earth which describes a
prehistoric subterranean world and
George sands 1884 novel Laura voyage
done is crystal were unseen and giant
crystals could be found in the interior
of the earth in wh Hudson's 1887 romance
a crystal age the protagonists falls
down a hill into a utopian asexual
pastoral paradise since he falls into
this world it is sometimes classified as
a hollow earth story although the hero
himself thinks he may have traveled
forward in time by a millennia
the idea was used by edgar rice
burroughs the creator of Tarzan and the
Seven novel Pellucidar series beginning
at the Earth's core in 1914 using
mechanical drill his heroes discover a
prehistoric world called blue acid are
500 miles below the surface that is lit
by an interior son the 1915 novel
Plutonia by vladimir approaches uses the
concept of the Hollow Earth to take the
reader through various Geale logical
epochs and more recent decades the ideas
have become a staple of the
science-fiction adventure genres
appearing in print and film on
television and comics in role-playing
games such as the hollow world campaign
set for Dungeons and Dragons and in many
animated works in the science-fiction
series sanctuary hollow earth formed the
core of the story arcs of the third and
fourth seasons in the series Hollow
Earth is the habitat for the original
abnormals the cryptid creatures featured
in the series ruled from the city of
practice
this interpretation of hollow earth
depicts a series of caves deep within
the Earth's crust and that had been
sealed off during a war between the
sumerians and the vampires in the video
game gears of war humans live on an
earth-like planet with a mostly hollow
interior the inside is filled with
homicidal monsters bent on conquering
the surface